Product Name: N-Hexadecane
Chemical Family: Alkanes
Chemical Formula: C16H34
CAS Number: 544-76-3
Synonyms: Cetane, Hexadecane
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemicals, reference material, industrial solvent
Supplier: Contact information of supplier, including office location, phone, and email address
Emergency Contact: 24-hour emergency phone number (such as CHEMTREC or local emergency hotline)
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid category 4, Acute toxicity (oral and inhalation) category 5, Skin irritation category 3, Aspiration hazard category 1
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, causes mild skin irritation, may cause drowsiness or dizziness, combustible liquid
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wear protective gloves, use only in well-ventilated areas, keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces
Pictograms: Health hazard, exclamation mark, flame
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Effects of Overexposure: Headache, nausea, skin dryness, respiratory irritation, central nervous system depression
Chemical: N-Hexadecane
Concentration: > 99%
IMDG Number: 1268
Impurities/Additives: Trace hydrocarbon impurities common to paraffinic fractions
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical attention for symptoms such as coughing, dizziness, difficulty breathing
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for several minutes, seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present, do not rub eyes, seek ophthalmologic care if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, call a poison control center or physician immediately, risk of aspiration pneumonia
Most Important Symptoms: Nausea, headache, dry skin, malaise, complicated breathing
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, sand
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Water jet (risk of spreading), high-pressure water streams
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, toxic fumes
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters use self-contained breathing apparatus, flame-resistant clothing
Special Firefighting Procedures: Approach from upwind, remove product containers from area if safe, cool containers with water spray, prevent runoff
Explosion Sensitivity: Vapors may ignite with a spark or static discharge, can travel to an ignition source and flashback
Personal Precautions: Remove ignition sources, ventilate area, use personal protective equipment to avoid inhalation and skin contact
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, surface waters, and soil, report significant spills to authorities
Methods of Cleanup: Absorb with earth, sand, or other non-combustible material, shovel into clean container for disposal, clean contaminated area with detergent and water
Emergency Procedures: Evacuate non-essential personnel, monitor vapor concentrations with gas detector
Handling: Use closed systems wherever possible to avoid vapor generation, ground containers to prevent static buildup, avoid contact with eyes and skin, wash thoroughly after handling, do not eat, drink, or smoke while working
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated, flammable liquid-approved area, away from heat, sparks, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials like strong oxidizers
Special Requirements: Label containers clearly, store away from fire exits, install leak detection where appropriate, inspect storage vessels regularly
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits established, minimize exposure to vapor and mist
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment, vapor detectors
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemically resistant nitrile or neoprene gloves, safety goggles, flame-resistant lab coat or apron, use of organic vapor respirator in insufficiently ventilated areas
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks and after work, do not reuse contaminated clothing or PPE, never siphon by mouth
Control of Environmental Exposure: Do not release to the environment, collect all residues and wastes properly
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Mild, paraffin-like
Odor Threshold: Not readily detectable
pH: Not applicable (hydrocarbon)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: About 18°C (64°F)
Boiling Point: Around 287°C (549°F)
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F) Closed Cup
Evaporation Rate: Very low (compared to ether)
Flammability: Combustible
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.6% (volume in air)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 7.0% (volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.03 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: >1 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.77 (water = 1)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, miscible with organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): 8.8
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 206°C (403°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Above boiling point
Viscosity: 3.35 mPa·s at 25°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flame, sparks, sources of static, direct sunlight
Materials to Avoid: Oxidizing agents such as peroxides, nitric acid, chlorine
Hazardous Reactions: No dangerous polymerization anticipated
Hazardous Decomposition: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, possible phosgene if contaminated with chlorinated substances
Acute Toxicity: Low, but ingestion or aspiration can be dangerous (LD50 oral rat > 10,000 mg/kg)
Skin Irritation: May cause dryness, redness, cracking on repeated or prolonged contact
Eye Contact: Slight temporary discomfort
Inhalation: Irritation to respiratory tract at high concentrations
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, ACGIH, or OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: No significant adverse effect found in studies to date
Chronic Effects: Prolonged overexposure could impact nervous system (headache, fatigue)
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms (LC50 Fish, 96h: around 4 mg/L), risk of long-term effects in aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable, slow breakdown in soil and water
Bioaccumulative Potential: High potential, log Kow about 8.8 indicates bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility, floats on water but binds to soil particles
Other Effects: Larger spills can form surface films, reducing oxygen transfer and harming aquatic life
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect liquid waste in tightly closed, labeled containers, dispose of in accordance with national hazardous waste regulations
Incineration: Preferred, using a licensed chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse containers, puncture, and dispose of following local requirements
Special Precautions: Never pour down drain, do not allow product to reach sewage systems or water bodies
Legal Status: Ensure compliance with all federal, state, and local disposal regulations
UN Number: UN 1202/1184 (as appropriate for combustible liquids)
Proper Shipping Name: Hexadecane, or Alkanes, Liquid, n.o.s.
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid, minor hazard)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: Not regulated as a marine pollutant under most shipping laws
Label Requirements: Flammable liquid (Class 3) placard, keep away from foodstuffs
Special Transport Measures: Keep separate from oxidizers, load and unload with care to avoid leaks
Inventory Listings: Listed on US TSCA, EU EINECS (208-878-9), Canadian DSL, Australian AICS
OSHA Regulation: Non-hazardous under OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200, but considered flammable
SARA Title III: Not subject to SARA Section 313
RCRA Status: Not a listed hazardous waste; may become hazardous if mixed with other substances
State Regulations: Subject to state worker health and environmental regulations
International Agreements: Compliant with GHS standards; requires appropriate hazard communication and labeling
